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No , fórmulas são introduzidas dentro do ambiente matemático (ou o modo matemático). Há duas formas básicas de se incluir o ambiente matemático no arquivo tex. A primeira é com o par de dólar:
$ fórmula a ser escrita $
O início do modo matemático começa com o primeiro '$' e termina com o próximo '$'. Em geral, usamos o modo matemático incluindo no preâmbulo os pacotes da AMS. Para isto, basta introduzir os comandos:
\usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb}
Exemplo de preâmbulo:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte}
O comando da fórmula a ser escrita deve ser introduzida dentro do ambiente matemático. Por exemplo, se quisermos produzir a fórmula:
temos que introduzir o comando
(2^4>5)\supset (3^2<10)
dentro do ambiente matemático
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle $(2^4>5)\supset (3^2<10)$ \end{document}
Compilando
O mesmo resultado é obtido se, ao invés de "$ fórmula $", usarmos
Exemplo:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle $(2^4>5)\supset (3^2<10)$ \end{document}
Ou seja,
$.... $
é equivalente a
A outra forma básica de modo matemático é obtida com o uso de duas "duplas" de dólar:
Exemplo de código
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle \end{document}
Compilando
O mesmo resultado é obtido substituindo-se "" por
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle\end{document}
Compilando
Ou seja,
e
são equivalentes.
Observação: note que esses dois modos matemáticos básicos não são iguais. Usamos o primeiro - $ fórmula $ - quando queremos introduzir a fórmula dentro de um parágrafo, enquanto o segundo é usado quando desejamos introduzir a fórmula centralizada e em linha separada.
Exemplo:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle Dada a tabela de verdade da implicação, a fórmula $(2^4>5)\supset (3^2<10)$ é verdadeira \end{document}
Compilando
Veja o que acontece se, ao invés de "$...$", colocarmos ":
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle Dada a tabela de verdade da implicação, a fórmula é verdadeira \end{document}
Compilando
Observação2: a primeira forma do modo matemático é chamado de math environment; o segundo, displaymath environment.
No , é possível introduzir fórmulas numeradas, que são obtidas por meio do ambiente equation. Este ambiente começa com o comando \begin{equation} e termina com o comando \end{equation}.
Exemplo de código:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle Seja a fórmula: \begin{equation} p\supset(q\supset p) \end{equation} \end{document}
Compilando
Por padrão, a numeração segue de 1 em diante. Mas é possível modificá-la. Para isso, usamos o comando \tag{nome}. Por exemplo, se quiséssemos chamar a fórmula do exemplo de Axioma 1, bastaria introduzir o comando
\tag{Axioma 1}
logo depois da fórmula dentro do ambiente equation.
Exemplo:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Classe de documento %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Pacotes de língua e fontes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[portuguese]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %pacotes matemáticos %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Dados %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \title{Modo Matemático} \author{Alessandro Duarte} \begin{document} \maketitle Seja a fórmula: \begin{equation} p\supset(q\supset p)\tag{Axioma 1} \end{equation} \end{document}
Compilando
Abaixo há uma série de links de comandos para símbolos matemáticos, lógicos, etc..
http://web.ift.uib.no/Teori/KURS/WRK/TeX/symALL.html
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics
Pdf com muitos comandos: http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf
Nesse link a seguir você pode desenhar o símbolo e o programa tenta adivinhá-lo: http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html